An Introduction to Biofeedback
The name “biofeedback” comes from the fact that the training is based on monitoring an individual’s biological signals and then
fed back, to the person in the from of a computer generated display, sound, vibration, game control, or even remote toy function.
The goal of this training is to improve health and decrease pain by gaining more direct control over body function. Common physical
functions trained through biofeedback include heart rate, respiratory rate and rhythm, skin perspiration and blood flow, blood pressure,
muscle tension and brain waves.
A key part of the training is designed to increase awareness of body states. This awareness is foundational for learning how to control
specific body functions and minimize negative reactions to stress. (Ironically most of us try to avoid our physical stare when in pain
- which unfortunately directly blocks the development of control). Neurofeedback also involves the use of biological feedback, but is
dedicated to the monitoring of brain waves (EEG) and is focused more on influencing cognitive processes such as memory, attention
and concentration. Neurofeedback is particularly interesting in that it involves states of consciousness, not body sensation, so in some
ways is more abstract.
Biofeedback and Neurofeedback training have been the subject of considerable clinical research for over 50 years. Due to the success
of this approach, many well-known organizations have incorporated it into their array of services. These include such prestigious institutions
as Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical Center and University of Washington in Seattle, the Mayo Clinic, Children’s Medical Center
and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (both associated with Harvard University), UCLA Medical Center, and NASA.
In most cases, the training also includes instruction in additional techniques such as general relaxation training, breathing re-training,
visualization strategies, managing stressful thought patterns and symptom tracking. Bio/neuro-feedback training in combination with other
approaches is often referred to as “self-regulation training” and is considered to be within the professional discipline of “Applied Psychophysiology“.
The training in biofeedback often helps individuals with medical disorders such as hypertension, tachycardia, muscle contraction and
migraine headaches. It can also help with concerns such as pain, anxiety, and insomnia. In addition to a variety of medical conditions,
the training can be helpful for people living fast-paced lives without knowing how to slow down or “take it easy” and for those who feel chronically
tense, anxious, or “on edge.”
Because training in biofeedback is based on physiology and fundamental learning principles the results are often quite durable and long
lasting and the training can be used throughout one’s life in a wide range of situations.
Though coaching is usually required initially, as is typically the case when acquiring any new skill, many people are able to learn to be fairly
skilled in controlling stress reactivity and eventually no longer need the formal training and can self-regulate on their own. Sometimes booster
sessions are helpful.
The objective measurement of body processes in biofeedback training is also frequently very motivating and engaging. Due to the immediate,
direct, and measurable feedback experienced by the client, there is usually better follow-through and for the same reason, better transfer of
training from the office setting to the real world is easier.
The enhanced self-awareness that comes from biofeedback training is usually very helpful as the individual engages other support or treatment.
The training can also increase one’s ability to handle uncomfortable feelings and participate more fully in other treatment approaches. Often,
relaxation and biofeedback training often will magnify or amplify the positive effects of other approaches such as psychotherapy, physical therapy,
naturopathic approaches, acupuncture and traditional medicine. In addition, because the training specifically targets greater nervous system
balance it may help decrease medication use and side effects.
Because biofeedback training is most effective when done with other treatment approaches, coordination and timing of multiple approaches is
sometimes a challenge for the client and providers. However, there are many ways biofeedback may be woven into an overall approach.
Like most skills, daily practice outside the clinic is what builds strength so formal clinical training does not have to occur weekly.
Currently there is national certification within this field and includes separate certifications for three areas: general biofeedback, EEG
biofeedback (often called “Neurofeedback”) and Pelvic Muscle Dysfunction Biofeedback. The Biofeedback Certification Institute of America
(BCIA) provides certification examinations to establish that an individual has met entry-level requirements for the clinical practice of biofeedback.
However, BCIA certification is not a substitute for a state sanctioned license or other credential to practice one's profession. Candidates for
BCIA certification who do not hold a professional license or its equivalent must stipulate that they practice under the supervision of a licensed
provider. Individuals certified in general biofeedback may utilize all biofeedback modalities observing the Ethical Principles of BCIA. Individuals
certified exclusively in EEG Biofeedback are certified to utilize only that specialty modality. The Pelvic Muscle Dysfunction Biofeedback
Certification is only for licensed providers wishing to use biofeedback to treat elimination disorders and pelvic pain. This is a very specific
certification and those having this credential are certified to use biofeedback to treat these disorders.
For more information about biofeedback training, please refer to the Association of Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback at www.aapb.org
1901 Cornwall Ave, Suite 661
Bellingham, WA 98225
ph. 360-255-0772 Fax 360-255-0773
John Jordy, M.Ed., LMHC
Counseling and Psychotherapy